An Off-Roading Guide for Beginners

Scott Carline • April 7, 2021

Has your 4×4 spent most of the time on the road? Are you ready to test it on the trails? If you’re planning your first off-road trip, or if it’s been a while since you’ve gotten some mud on your tires, it’s time to check out our off-roading guide.

Your off-roading adventures can be as tame or challenging as you want, from simple muddy trails to extreme rock crawling, but one thing remains the same about any trip you take: Safety and preparation go a long way towards making an off-roading trip a success. Beyond that, there are some fundamentals you need to know and we explore them in our off-roading guide below.

Talk the Talk

It seems obvious, but off-roading with your 4×4 is much different than driving a road-only vehicle. Understanding certain terms and phrases will help make sure your 4×4 is ready for any trail you throw at it.

4×4 high & low: The purpose of 4-wheel drive is to help the vehicle gain more traction on uneven surfaces like mud or gravel. Use 4×4 high gear for situations where you’re traveling over 15 miles per hour, while 4×4 low offers higher torque at lower speeds to help you get out of sticky situations.

Diff lock: The wheels on 4x4s generally spin at different speeds to help compensate for tricky terrain. Differential locking is when the wheels are “locked” into moving at the same speed, compensating for the loss of traction if one wheel is in the air or working harder than others to accelerate out of being stuck.

Wheelbase & wheel travel: Wheelbase refers to the distance from the center of the front tire to the center of the back tire on the same side; this number is important for steering and balance. Wheel travel is the measurement of the maximum distance a wheel can travel up and down; the bigger the number, the better the suspension.

Grab Your Gear

Along with knowing how to properly operate your 4×4, you also need to bring the right gear with you on the trails. You’ll definitely need a full gas tank, a tow rope, spare tire and jack, a first aid kit, and your phone — that’s the bare minimum. You could also benefit from recommended mods like a winch and a high-lift jack, along with LED headlights and a fire extinguisher.

If you’re unsure about which mods are right for your 4×4, make sure to ask the technician when you bring it in for regularly scheduled maintenance (something you also need to do before hitting the trails.) Their experience will help guide you in the right direction when it comes to mods. They’ll suggest the best solutions based on what you need for off-road success.

Remember These Tips

You know your basics, you got your gear, your 4×4 is properly modded out — now it’s time to test everything out with an off-road adventure. Keep these tips and best practices in mind when you’re tested on the trails.

Trail driving: Dry terrain and trails like gravel and dry dirt are the easiest trails for beginners. There are many designated 4×4 trails in state and federal parks. It’s a good idea to join a forum or do some research to find ones that are rated to your specific ability. Don’t try something more advanced than you (or your 4×4) are prepared to tackle.

Sand driving: Taking your 4×4 to a trail composed mostly of sand requires more skilled driving techniques compared to dirt. Remember that traction is much harder to find on the sand and keep the momentum up to avoid getting the tires stuck. If you do feel like tires are getting bogged down in the sand, turn the steering wheel left and right repeatedly, allowing tires to grip terrain and gain traction.

Mud driving: Mudding also requires a bit more advanced driving technique and it’s similar to driving in the sand — focus on traction and momentum. Showboating in the mud can lead to loss of vehicle control, which could send your front end straight into a tree or worse.

More difficult driving conditions require a bit more knowledge of special 4×4 driving techniques. This takes practice and patience, and group drives are a great way to learn from others while having the backup of a buddy to help tow you out in case you get stuck.

Armed with the knowledge of off-roading fundamentals and a 4×4 equipped with all the right mods, you’ll be hitting the trains in no time! Don’t hesitate to reach out to our team when you’re ready to start your 4×4 adventures and be sure to revisit this off-roading guide in the future.

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By Scott Carline April 7, 2025
So we're back inside at Axleboy Offroad. We've got our 2020 Jeep Gladiator Sport S. This is still bone stock. I haven't made any modifications to it yet. We have ordered and been receiving a lot of the components from our supplier partner. They're going to end up on this Jeep Gladiator. One thing that's going to be probably the most dramatic cosmetically and performance and everything else from the outside, is the lift kit, and the wheels, and the suspension. Yeah. So right now behind us is bone stock. Let's talk about suspension first. Why don't you tell us what we have here from TeraFlex? Sure. So from TeraFlex, we're doing the adjustable alpine IR arms. IR stands for independent rotation. Now this is a really new product and it's amazing in the fact that it uses the bushing, so we're going to retain the same sound dampening and the same ride quality as we would when we're stock. But the inner sleeve that the bolt actually goes on... Okay. This is actually on a bearing. Okay. And it's a sealed bearing and unlike standard bushings where once the bolt clamps down, it's captive in the rubber and the rubber has to flex in order for this arm to move through its travel. The independent rotation allows free movement, no binding whatsoever, and this is huge in terms of ride quality, in terms of flex when you're off road or when you're on the RTI ramp at a Jeep show, or whatever it may be. We get the best of both worlds. We get the reliability of a good rubber bushing. We get the flexibility of a flex joint, but we don't have the parts that wear out or they get loose and make noise like the flex joints do. So it's kind of the best of both worlds. We expect that these bushings are going to last the vehicle's lifetime. This is a new product, this independent rotation bushing, been in testing and development for quite a while. We expect these to do amazing. What does installing an adjustable control arm do? What's the benefit for me as the Gladiator? Yeah, that's a great question. So we're going to lift it and we're going to raise the suspension. And the way that the geometry works, as we raise, this control arm is going to drop down further away. Now if you notice when this control arm swings down, it moves back. We actually lose some wheelbase when we lift it and it's just the nature of basic geometry. There's nothing we can do about that unless we put in an adjustable control arm. In this case, we can extend the length of this. We can recover our wheelbase, we can recover our alignment angles and our pinion angles as needed. So this gives us the ability to affectively adjust the front axle forward and backward. So we can make sure that the front axle is exactly where we want it. Exactly where we want it with the correct angle and the correct rotation. This is going to make the vehicle drive amazing. We're going to be able to keep caster where we want it, which is important because as we lift it caster drops out. Caster is the alignment angle that gives us stability going down the highway. We can roll it back in. Terrific. What else do we have here from TeraFlex? Well, we also have the new Falcon series three shocks. These are the brand new SP two shocks. Now I know in the past you and I have talked about how nice the Falcon shocks are because we have the quick adjust knobs. So we can turn this knob and we can go from soft ride to firm ride or tow, or if you're particularly picky like I know you are, you can go into setting number two, which gives you micro adjust on the small knob. You can literally dial in the ride as you drive. Now the SP two adds a new feature to it. Okay? It allows us to control the dampening, so this isn't as quick adjust or as easy, but what we can do, if you come in and say, "Dude, I am going to run down a gravel road and I'm going to run this thing hard." You can take the shock off and you can twist it, turn the bottom, and it goes into performance mode. Now this isn't going to be something you're changing in and out of every day. It's something you're probably going to do on install, but it gives you the ability to take the entire shock range and move it to more of a performance setting or to move it more to a comfort setting. Okay. So it just adds one more layer of adjustability to these shocks. These shocks are made up in Utah at the TeraFlex plant in the Falcon plant, handmade up there. Everything is amazing. We've been up on this line. It's the most spotless incredible thing you've ever seen. They've put a lot of time and development into this and these are definitely the best riding shock out there for the JK, and JL, and Gladiators. And it's going to look really cool. Oh yeah. How do you go wrong with all the big, all the billet, all the anodizing, the badging? They cut no corners on this thing at all. So I'm going to guess we've got a front and a back. Yeah. Yeah. So this will be the back. And so the importance with the back is... So it's a gladiator, right? So we're probably going to load it up with stuff, right? I mean, bicycles, kayaks, tent. So we're going to be taking weight in and out of it all the time. And that's really where the quick adjust knob is going to come in for us. So as you add that weight, all your shock dampening needs to change. It's easy now. Reach in there through the wheel-well, make a flip, and go. Going down the road or as a daily driver, what setting would I want to put it on? Well, I'll let you have it as far as a personal preference, but I know when I'm going down the road, just genuinely driving down the highway, I like a softer setting. I don't need to really feel the road. When we go to the firm settings, you're going to feel more input from the road. Now that's going to be great in certain situations. So if you're particularly driving sporty or driving heavy, you're going to want to have that road feel where you can feel the bumps and know what the vehicle is doing. With that, we're going to get a lot of roll control. So the vehicle is going to corner better and it will be able to handle the washboard gravel roads. Because I know like when you're out camping, you're driving down the- Gravel road. Yeah, yeah. You know how it is. You hit the bump and you bounce off the road, not with these, you move it to a firm setting and yeah, it's going to feel like you're zipping across the desert in a Baja race there. So really good stuff. Very adjustable, tunable to how you want it. So typically when you're off road or you're driving in let's say a spirited fashion, if you will, we're going to put them on firm. That's great. Well, thanks a lot to TeraFlex and to Axleboy Offroad. To learn more, you go to teraflex.com or visit us at axleboy.com.
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