Understanding Approach, Departure, and Breakover Angles

Scott Carline • June 9, 2021

If you’re new to the world of 4WDing or you’re just starting your research into which vehicle you’d like, there’s likely been some mention of approach, departure, and breakover angles. Sure, there are other specs that you should consider, but these three angles are crucial. They all determine how much traction your tires will get when you’re off-roading.

Think about driving your vehicle onto an angled ramp. At a certain point, the ramp will be too steep for you to drive up without damaging the front end of your car. The same will be true for the rear end as you drive down. These are the basic fundamentals of approach, departure angles, and breakover angles. 

What Is Approach Angle?

As you read above, an approach angle is the maximum upward angle of an inclined surface that your 4WD vehicle drives over. The bumper design and its overhang over the axis; rounded bumpers and higher ground clearance will give your vehicle a better chance of making it up steeper surfaces.

What Is Departure Angle?

Push the approach angle to the back of your vehicle and you have the departure angle. Referring to the angle of the surface you’re departing from, this angle is also determined by bumper choice and rear tire size.

What Is Breakover Angle?

Using the midpoint of the vehicle and the angles toward the back and front wheels, an apex is created called the breakover angle. If a vehicle travels over a surface high enough, the vehicle’s wheels will lose traction and even contact the road surface and cause it to tip or even turtle.

How Are These Angles Calculated?

When you’re shopping for a new or used 4WD or Jeep, manufacturers will provide you with these angles. However, if you’re looking at vehicles that have mods like lift kits, larger tires, or customized bumpers, you can measure these angles easily with some simple math.

The measurement from the point where the front tire meets the ground to the lowest part of your car, which is usually the front bumper — that’s your approach angle. Do the same at the back of the vehicle with the tire and bumper to find your departure angle.

To calculate the breakover angle, you’ll need to know your vehicle’s ground clearance and wheelbase measurements. You can then use a handy online calculator like this one to figure out the breakover angle of your 4WD vehicle. 

Why Are These Angles Important?

By now it’s clear to understand why you would want to know your angles, whether you’re off-roading or talking to us about modding your 4WD vehicle. Not only does watching your angels help improve the quality of the ride, but it also mitigates the chance that you could damage your ride. If you’d like to improve your angles, there are a few mods you could talk to us about.

Tires: It makes sense that taller tires will help improve clearance and breakover angles, but you may also need to make a few adjustments to your vehicle to make those tires work.

Lift: Okay, so you don’t want to make your tires bigger. You can get your vehicle lifted by professionals to improve clearance, but the keyword here is “professionals.”

Slimming Down: Could your 4WD vehicle stand to lose a little weight? Talk to our team about mods that could be removed or swapped out to reduce weight.

Armor: This won’t change your angles, but it’s a great way to protect the underside of your 4WD vehicle if you’re still unsure of your measurements.

What’s next? Come visit the pros! When you come to Axleboy for customization and modification to improve your angles, you’ll get the best service in town. That’s because we are the leading experts when it comes to anything 4WD and Jeep-related. We know which upgrades to recommend based on your usage and previous modifications. We’ll never steer you in the wrong direction!

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So we're back inside at Axleboy Offroad. We've got our 2020 Jeep Gladiator Sport S. This is still bone stock. I haven't made any modifications to it yet. We have ordered and been receiving a lot of the components from our supplier partner. They're going to end up on this Jeep Gladiator. One thing that's going to be probably the most dramatic cosmetically and performance and everything else from the outside, is the lift kit, and the wheels, and the suspension. Yeah. So right now behind us is bone stock. Let's talk about suspension first. Why don't you tell us what we have here from TeraFlex? Sure. So from TeraFlex, we're doing the adjustable alpine IR arms. IR stands for independent rotation. Now this is a really new product and it's amazing in the fact that it uses the bushing, so we're going to retain the same sound dampening and the same ride quality as we would when we're stock. But the inner sleeve that the bolt actually goes on... Okay. This is actually on a bearing. Okay. And it's a sealed bearing and unlike standard bushings where once the bolt clamps down, it's captive in the rubber and the rubber has to flex in order for this arm to move through its travel. The independent rotation allows free movement, no binding whatsoever, and this is huge in terms of ride quality, in terms of flex when you're off road or when you're on the RTI ramp at a Jeep show, or whatever it may be. We get the best of both worlds. We get the reliability of a good rubber bushing. We get the flexibility of a flex joint, but we don't have the parts that wear out or they get loose and make noise like the flex joints do. So it's kind of the best of both worlds. We expect that these bushings are going to last the vehicle's lifetime. This is a new product, this independent rotation bushing, been in testing and development for quite a while. We expect these to do amazing. What does installing an adjustable control arm do? What's the benefit for me as the Gladiator? Yeah, that's a great question. So we're going to lift it and we're going to raise the suspension. And the way that the geometry works, as we raise, this control arm is going to drop down further away. Now if you notice when this control arm swings down, it moves back. We actually lose some wheelbase when we lift it and it's just the nature of basic geometry. There's nothing we can do about that unless we put in an adjustable control arm. In this case, we can extend the length of this. We can recover our wheelbase, we can recover our alignment angles and our pinion angles as needed. So this gives us the ability to affectively adjust the front axle forward and backward. So we can make sure that the front axle is exactly where we want it. Exactly where we want it with the correct angle and the correct rotation. This is going to make the vehicle drive amazing. We're going to be able to keep caster where we want it, which is important because as we lift it caster drops out. Caster is the alignment angle that gives us stability going down the highway. We can roll it back in. Terrific. What else do we have here from TeraFlex? Well, we also have the new Falcon series three shocks. These are the brand new SP two shocks. Now I know in the past you and I have talked about how nice the Falcon shocks are because we have the quick adjust knobs. So we can turn this knob and we can go from soft ride to firm ride or tow, or if you're particularly picky like I know you are, you can go into setting number two, which gives you micro adjust on the small knob. You can literally dial in the ride as you drive. Now the SP two adds a new feature to it. Okay? It allows us to control the dampening, so this isn't as quick adjust or as easy, but what we can do, if you come in and say, "Dude, I am going to run down a gravel road and I'm going to run this thing hard." You can take the shock off and you can twist it, turn the bottom, and it goes into performance mode. Now this isn't going to be something you're changing in and out of every day. It's something you're probably going to do on install, but it gives you the ability to take the entire shock range and move it to more of a performance setting or to move it more to a comfort setting. Okay. So it just adds one more layer of adjustability to these shocks. These shocks are made up in Utah at the TeraFlex plant in the Falcon plant, handmade up there. Everything is amazing. We've been up on this line. It's the most spotless incredible thing you've ever seen. They've put a lot of time and development into this and these are definitely the best riding shock out there for the JK, and JL, and Gladiators. And it's going to look really cool. Oh yeah. How do you go wrong with all the big, all the billet, all the anodizing, the badging? They cut no corners on this thing at all. So I'm going to guess we've got a front and a back. Yeah. Yeah. So this will be the back. And so the importance with the back is... So it's a gladiator, right? So we're probably going to load it up with stuff, right? I mean, bicycles, kayaks, tent. So we're going to be taking weight in and out of it all the time. And that's really where the quick adjust knob is going to come in for us. So as you add that weight, all your shock dampening needs to change. It's easy now. Reach in there through the wheel-well, make a flip, and go. Going down the road or as a daily driver, what setting would I want to put it on? Well, I'll let you have it as far as a personal preference, but I know when I'm going down the road, just genuinely driving down the highway, I like a softer setting. I don't need to really feel the road. When we go to the firm settings, you're going to feel more input from the road. Now that's going to be great in certain situations. So if you're particularly driving sporty or driving heavy, you're going to want to have that road feel where you can feel the bumps and know what the vehicle is doing. With that, we're going to get a lot of roll control. So the vehicle is going to corner better and it will be able to handle the washboard gravel roads. Because I know like when you're out camping, you're driving down the- Gravel road. Yeah, yeah. You know how it is. You hit the bump and you bounce off the road, not with these, you move it to a firm setting and yeah, it's going to feel like you're zipping across the desert in a Baja race there. So really good stuff. Very adjustable, tunable to how you want it. So typically when you're off road or you're driving in let's say a spirited fashion, if you will, we're going to put them on firm. That's great. Well, thanks a lot to TeraFlex and to Axleboy Offroad. To learn more, you go to teraflex.com or visit us at axleboy.com.
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